Research Proposal on Wetlands Essay Example

Examination Proposal on Wetlands Essay A wetland is the region which is secured with water occasionally or all the all year. A wetland is a particular biological system, since certain creatures, creepy crawlies and plants can endure just in such grounds. By and large, there are a few kinds of water in wetlands (freshwater, salty and saltwater) and everything about decide the kind of plants and the types of the creatures which live there. There are various sorts of wetlands and a large portion of them have the picture of bogs, lowlands, walks and fens. The environment existing in the wetland is very rich, in light of the fact that there are a huge number of plants, creepy crawlies, flying creatures and creatures which exist together. The biggest wetlands are commonly situated in South America and an extraordinary number of the universal associations secure their greenery. The job of the wetlands is amazingly high. We will compose a custom article test on Research Proposal on Wetlands explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Research Proposal on Wetlands explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Research Proposal on Wetlands explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer These regions fill in as the gigantic stores of water which is utilized by creatures and plants as well as by individuals. Wetlands serve like the normal channels and they retain all the contaminations from the water that is the reason the water on a superficial level is in every case clean. Additionally, wetlands fill in as a decent assistance for agribusiness. Each wetland is situated in the bowl of a specific enormous stream, so the dirt is very rich there and individuals utilize this quality for their motivations in agribusiness. Wetlands control the degree of water and keep from floods. They ingest a lot of precipitation and snowmelt water in their visitors and don't let it flood tremendous regions. This conservational capacity of wetlands is valuable for the encompassing towns and towns since it keeps them from floods and furnishes them with water. The smallest unsafe effect of individuals on the life of a wetland is very hazardous for the entire biological system. There were situations when individuals dried the wetlands and accordingly all the fauna and vegetation of the biological system was crushed and the individuals lost the single wellspring of water for the household purposes, drinking and farming. An efficient wetlands research proposition ought to be founded on the profound information about the biological system of a wetland. An understudy ought to persuade the educator that the subject is worth research and give his the realities which demonstrate that wetlands assume a significant job for the biological system, for the life of creatures and individuals and the financial matters of the zone. With the assistance of a decent free model exploration proposition on wetlands an understudy becomes acquainted with about the structure of the paper (he finds out about the writing survey and philosophy areas, forecasts and desires, and so on.) and the methods of its arranging. Besides, just a free example research proposition on wetlands will show an understudy the fundamentals of the persuading way regarding composition. At EssayLib.com composing administration you can arrange a custom exploration proposition on Wetlands themes. Your examination paper proposition will be composed without any preparation. We employ top of the line PhD and Master’s scholars just to give understudies proficient examination proposition help at moderate rates. Every client will get a non-appropriated paper with ideal conveyance. Simply visit our site and dispatch in the request structure with all proposition subtleties: Make the most of our expert examination proposition composing administration!

Just War essays

Simply War articles The Holy See shuffles with its strategies of what a simply war comprise of in this article. St. Augustine expresses that a simply war comprises of worthy motivation, authentic power, and right aim. The Holy See adds to the holy people list with final retreat trying to control preemptive military strike or war. Simply war scholars back up the United States preemptive war on grounds that Saddam would utilize weapons of mass demolition against us in the event that he got the opportunity. Pope John Paul II says that war is definitely not a decent methods for settling clashes and that there are different ways other than a preemptive strike. The Holy See talks on the issue that the United States war on Iraq was not a final retreat but rather a follow up on the assumption that Saddam was making weapons to assault the US or helping fear mongers. I believe that the Holy Sees arrangement on the war on Iraq has great support and shows the in the background clashes that conundrum the president consistently. I accept that the war on Iraq was a preemptive strike however should have been finished. It appears the US will in general be the world police by helping nations with degenerate government and holding despots under tight restraints. I accept this is an awful position however one the US is left with. The Holy See appears to converge with a large portion of Europe on worldwide positions so their interpretation of the war in Iraq doesnt appear to be excessively unconventional. The endorsement of the Holy See doesnt appear to trouble the president at all and seems to be a one man work for the envoy to the Holy See. ... <!

Heres How the Book Marketing Network Can Help You in a Big Way

Heres How the Book Marketing Network Can Help You in a Big Way Informative and energizing, The Book Marketing Network is bound to jumpstart the most jaded and discouraged author, self- or traditional publisher, publicist, as well as any others involved in the writing, publishing and marketing of print or eBooks. The website is a repository of the largest collection of marketing advice for indie authors anywhere online. The Book Marketing Network, as a social media site with a membership of over 9,800, is the perfect tool through which to practice the kernel of founder John Kremers advice: Build relationships.Business savvy, humor and the value of relationshipsIt would be hard to overstate the depth and breadth of the Book Marketing Networks resources. John Kremer, publishing and marketing expert, offers a winning mix of business and social media savvy advice with a humorous joie de vivre, wrapped up in the time-tested ethic of valuing relationships. As you stumble through the website, and yes, that is the stated alternative to searching the webs ite, you will be struck by the sheer volume of options available and the magnitude of the numbers (i.e., sales and readers measured in the tens of thousands, and millions). You weary authors who have six readers show up to the public library for your program, read on!John Kremer, the owner of Open Horizons Publishing in Taos, New Mexico, and developer of the Relationships Matter Marketing Program, has two pages of books on his Amazon author page, including his classic 1001 Ways to Market Your Book (the table of contents alone is ten idea-popping pages in length.) Scrolling down Kremers titles on Amazon, youll come to 1001 Ways to Market Your Books 1987 prequel, 101 Ways to Market Your Books: For Publishers and Authors. Clearly Kremers marketing ideas have been multiplicative during the intervening decades, burgeoning in tandem with the social media vehicles that now supercharge his tactics. Other Kremer titles paint a picture of the uplifting personality behind the relentless market ing strategies:Celebrate Today!: More than 4,000 Holidays, Celebrations, Origins, and Anniversaries (1996)Celebrate Today: Over 3,000 Boss-Proof, Tamper Resistant Undeniable Reasons to Take the Day Off (emphasis added)(2000)The Business of Life: Business people and others on life, business, careers, the workplace, investments, economics, jobs, money, and more (2010)The Art of Living: Quotations from Artists, Photographers, Architects, Designers, Cartoonists, Poets, Writers, Novelists, and Critics on Art and Life (2010)Author and blogger John Kremers 1001 Ways to Market Your Books: For Authors and Publishers, 6th Edition 6th EditionFounder John Kremer is personally available as a coachWhy does the depth of experience and multi-faceted interests of John Kremer matter? He is available in person to help authors. In the 747 Book Marketing Take-Off Program, Kremer offers two months of specific, personalized book marketing consulting via phone, Skype, or email for authors who want to jump- start their new books (or reinvigorate older books). A Book Cover Critique helps authors pass that first-look test. Key book wholesalers, chain store buyers, and producers of major TV shows judge a book by its cover. With Kremers help, they may judge yours favorably. A Book Title Critique will help authors create the brand of a bestselling book at the front, before money is spent on a cover designer. Indie Bookstore Campaigns is a service wherein Kremer himself will write a sales letter for your book and then email it to the top 700 indie booksellers. These bookstores are featured on Ask the Booksellers website, and social-share to 50,000+ followers.Testimonials claim these investments pay offAs a consultant, John provided the strategy that took Deepak Chopra from a vanity press author to being on the New York Times bestseller list eight times. Besides availing Mr. Kremers personal expertise, strategic authors will become connected through the 9,800-member strong Book Marketing Netw ork, which Kremer moderates. These members are looking to partner with others in the field.Thats what its all about: connection. Interviews and reviews of John Kremer emphasize his advice about forming relationships. Identify, engage and create real and reciprocal relationships with authors, editors, agents, publishers and, especially readers. Target important forums and websites, the ones engaging your readers. Find people you can work with to promote your book. Find joint venture partners. You may spend much time on social networks, yet not be spending time with opinion leaders in your field, developing relationships. Thats what can make a difference.Eighty percent of all books are sold through word of mouth. But dont wait for it to happen on its own, because it may not. Initiate the beginning of those conversations through partnerships. Theres more traction with a team of people pulling in one direction.These relationships, once cultivated, are golden and on-goingIf you implement ed one marketing tip from the Book Marketing Network website or 1001 Ways to Market Your Books daily, you could find yourself on the New York Timesbestseller list. Thats what happened with Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen, authors of Chicken Soup for the Soul. Writing each relevant marketing tip on a post-it note, the authors implemented one a day. After two years they had executed 900 of the marketing tactics. By then, Chicken Soup for the Soul was #1 on the New York Times bestseller list. The authors continued with Kremers ideas, until they had Chicken Soup titles in top three slots of the Times list.Even if you dont attain these dramatic results, or sell $100,000 in books within a few months as another client reports, every author can increase sales immediately by checking the Book Marketing Network for actionable advice.According to Kremer, There are no reasons why any book should die after six weeks in the marketplace. Books, like diamonds, are foreverâ€"provided you are wi lling to put a little elbow grease behind their promotion…Do you need book sales right away? Do you have too small a marketing budget? Has your publisher abandoned you? Or made no effort to get your book distributed?Just ten minutes a dayKremers methods could help you sell 100 to 200 copies in a couple of weeks. Then you do it again and again. With claims like these, who wouldnt at least try. If your book doesnt sell, Kremer asserts, there is only one reason (provided the book has any merit at all). And that reason is this: You just havent spent the time. If you spend just ten minutes a day every day, you will generate an incredible momentum for your book. Now stand up and start doing your ten minutes a day right now. Dont wait. I mean it. Dont wait.This is the simple, yet energizing doctrine preached at the Book Marketing Network. A visit to the website may make your head spin. So start out by trying the Rule of Five.The Rule of Five forbids excuses, and will keep a book from fal ling by the wayside. It requires five promotional efforts a day. For example, mail a letter. Send out a news release. Phone someone. Take an editor to lunch. Contact the media. Check the website for a thousand other potential deeds. The Rule of Five may be accomplished in as little as twenty minutes a day, but it can make a world of difference on how well your book sells.Browsing the Book Marketing Network educates on professional topics the Indy-author may not have imagined needing to know: publication scheduling, series writing, direct mail, cover design, offbeat advertising, online sales, alternative markets, tele-seminars, webinars, transcription services, translation rights, film rights, distribution, and innovative solutions for marketing and promoting titles.The information is dense. Often a drop-down topic leads to a comprehensive list, wherein each item listed has further facts to absorb, such as:31 Ways to Promote Your Facebook Page63 Crowdfunding Websites (and how to run a successful crowdfunding campaign)98 Free Graphics Websites: Free Photos and Images for Your Graphic Quotes235 EBook Listing and Book Review WebsitesThe Book Marketing Network informs authors on topics such as publication scheduling, series writing, direct mail, cover design, offbeat advertising, online sales, alternative markets, tele-seminars, webinars, transcription services, translation rights, film rights, distribution, and innovative solutions for marketing and promoting titles.Its not hoarding if its booksDespite this density of knowledge, there is a lightness to the Book Marketing Network. Fun stuff. GIFs with Snoopy and coffee. Its a site with personality. You spend some time there, and youll sense the relationship with John Kremer growing, proving his point.It may come as a shock to first-time writers when their book does not fly off the shelves, and the publisher does little marketing to get behind the book. Even supportive publishers eventually stop promoting. Then the author must be ahead of the game with enough knowledge to continue selling books. The Indy-author must be responsible for book sales from the outset.The Book Marketing Network is an exhaustively thorough and valuable resource for authors and publishers, with excellent and easy-to-follow how-tos. The author neednt apply everything. But its wise to consider tips to attaining bestsellerdom from a man who has been studying and practicing book marketing for nearly forty years. Whether an author consults with Kremer as a personal coach, or uses the network to forge joint venture relationships, it seems there is every reason to expect higher book sales through this resource.

Prozac - the Wonder Drug - 1285 Words

The Wonder Drug â€Å"One in eight persons needs treatment for depression during his or her lifetime† (Prozac.com). Prozac is claimed as the wonder drug cure for obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, bulimia, and panic disorder by fixing the imbalance of chemicals in the brain. Many documented cases have been made about side effects of Prozac and how it has negatively affected many of its users. Doctors need to have more responsibility and stricter guidelines for diagnosis of adolescent depression and should consider medication a last resort while pharmaceutical companies should develop a new youth-friendly antidepressant with fewer side effects. Our greatest glory is not in ever falling, but in rising every time we†¦show more content†¦The four treatment groups include Prozac, placebo, cognitive behavioral therapy, and Prozac in addition to CBT. The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study is currently active and while no results have been posted, the overall o utlook is hopeful. Teen suicide rates have dropped since the release of Prozac in 1988 (Sciencemag.org) which is an amazing feat, being able to save lives simply with a pill. The most success is achieved from a combination of medication and CBT, which utilizes behavioral and cognitive therapy as well as medication in order to prevent depressive thinking and behavior and learn new coping strategies and an enhanced outlook on life. Combining CBT with medication emphasizes to users that a pill isn’t the answer to their problems, but it is an effective tool in improving their life. Antidepressants should not be administered freely; there should be a recognized need, diagnosable by a qualified doctor, in order for medication to be prescribed. In place of medication, CBT should be administered despite its costly nature. A compromise must be made in order to allow depressed individuals to take control of their lives, while at the same time not have to depend on a substance to p rovide happiness andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prozac -- the Toxic Miracle Drug1698 Words   |  7 PagesProzac -- the Toxic Miracle Drug Americas society has turned to an aggressive means to treat the overwhelming numbers of people who suffer from depression -- antidepressant medication. The National Institute of Mental Health... has estimated that almost 10 million Americans are seriously depressed and that a total of 14 million will suffer from it during their lifetimes (7). Taking psychiatric drugs such as Prozac has become trendy. People no longer covertly take antidepressants, but discussRead MoreThe Effects Of Prozac And Its Effects On The Brain972 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we talk about medication and the different side effects, it makes you wonder why someone would risk their own health just for a medication. Although the drug I will be researching shows limited side effects and is something that many physician would recommend to their own patients. My reasons for choosing Prozac, is to learn more about the drug and how it helps individuals whom have depression. Another reasons for this, is to learn more abo ut the side effects and how it can be a positive outlookRead MoreEssay about Advertising Ethics1274 Words   |  6 Pagesof dollars to market their drugs directly to the consumers. With this comes a potential harm to some consumers due to the fact that they feel like they are free to ask for anything that may stop the symptoms they have. Should the FDA take a stand in putting a stop to how certain drugs are marketed, or just continue to let it get out of control? Who should be able to control the prescriptions: the patient or the doctor? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Take the drug Prozac for our first example: it’sRead MoreEli Lilly and Company Case Analysis Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry, Lilly focused its efforts on the areas of drug research, development, and marketed to the following areas: neuroscience, endocrinology, oncology, cardiovascular disease, and womens health. Having made a strong comeback in the 1990s due to its remarkably successful antidepressant Prozac, was now facing a potential loss in profits with its patent soon to expire. The problem was not only the soon to expire patent on Prozac, but the fact that Prozac accounted for as much as 30% of total revenueRead MoreEssay on Prozac1889 Words   |  8 PagesProzac At first it was the cure all people were looking for. Then it became the drug they were afraid to take. Somewhere between these two extremes lies the truth about the drug Flouxetine, better known as Prozac, the most widely prescribed drug on the globe. It is mainly prescribed to patients suffering from clinical depression. It was first brought to the market in 1988 by the pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly co. Even though it was originallyRead MoreChildren Should Not Be Treated with Antidepressants867 Words   |  4 Pageshave changed. The Antidrug commercials urge parents to get help and their children off drugs too. At the same time, parents are on the other hand urged to keep their children in check. In this pill popping society, children who misbehave are no longer tolerated. There is no more boys will be boys mentality anymore and children who misbehave and are disruptive are often recommended Ritalin or some other drug to make the Teachers day a bit easier. Another disturbing trend is to take medicationRead MoreEssay on Prozac: Mania1777 Words   |  8 Pages Prozac: Mania quot;Yeah, Im on Prozac,quot; I hear quite often, said as if the speaker had just received a new Porsche. I often do catch myself responding with, quot;Im on Zoloft isnt modern medicine great?quot; In a way, this exchange is a way of bonding. In another, more twisted way, it is a way of receiving a stamp of approval from my peers, for antidepressants have become extremely widespread and widely accepted. quot;Prozac...has entered pop culture...becoming the stuff of cartoonsRead MoreBrave New World Analysis1257 Words   |  6 PagesWorld State are ignorant of the truth. They mistake the truth as happiness. This ignorance leads them to believe that a tablet called soma is used â€Å"to calm your anger, to reconcile you to your enemies, to make you patient† (Huxley 213). Through drugs and conditioning, the government has kept the World State uninformed of the truth. Being controlled by the government, people in the World State do not know society is built upon lies. Throughout this novel, John, Bernard, and Helmholtz, go throughRead MoreThe Scientific And Medical Evidence Of Turmeric Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe scientific and medical evidence of turmeric. First I will be talking about the scientific evidence proving that turmeric does really work. Next, I will be talking about specific clinical trials comparing turmeric and curcumin to medications and drugs for treating cancers and diseases. Lastly, I will mention all of the ch emical components contained in turmeric that makes it so powerful. I believe these topics about turemric, let alone any other herb or product, are the most important to researchRead MoreCase 6-3 Eli Lilly in India855 Words   |  4 PagesRethinking the Joint Venture Strategy† 1. I think Eli Lilly pursued the right strategy joining Ranbaxy Laboratories to enter the Indian market. While companies were using the global market to amortize the huge investments required to produce a new drug, they were hesitant to invest in countries where the intellectual property regime was weak. During the 1990s both companies had a strong reason for the joint venture. Ranbaxy wanted to make its presence globally and Lilly wanted to get their feet

Essay on Beowulf and Achilles - 1178 Words

Beowulf and Achilles Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life. The Iliad had a character named Achilles who is similar to Beowulf because he also desired glory. But they are two completely different stories written at different times and different places by different people. Both stories have unique qualities such as dragons in one and multi-gods in the other and that is what makes fictitious stories like these classics. Since achieving fame is a goal of these two characters, and since these are great works of literature, people can relate to wanting to be famous in life. So this essay is about Beowulf and Achilles and what they went through to be famous and also what they went through to†¦show more content†¦After Hector’s death, Achilles would drag the body every morning around his army base three times to show the accomplishment he had made in the war. The gods didn’t really agree with him though because they kept h ealing Hector’s body (not back to life though). â€Å"...All his wounds sealed shut, wherever they struck... and many drove their bronze blades through his body†. Eventually, Priam (with help of gods) got Achilles to sell Hector’s body back for a bunch of priceless goods. â€Å"Give (Hector) back to me, now, no more delay – I must see my son with my own eyes† (The Iliad, ln 650 – 651, p 212). Being begged by a king increases his fame just because a king doesn’t usually do that, especially in this case. Priam gets the body and buries it and that’s the end of The Iliad. Whereas in Beowulf, written by an anonymous poet, is about a man who is very strong. He travels to a distant land to kill a couple monsters and earn glory for himself. The quest begins when Beowulf heads to the Danish castle. He is a Geat by the way. His king is Higlac and Beowulf asked him if he could travel the seas to earn glory for himself by helping out the Danish and their king, Hrothgar. When Beowulf finally got to Hrothgar, Hrothgar was glad to see him; he seemed to have a lot of faith in Beowulf. â€Å"Our Holy Father has sent him as a sign of His grace, a mark of His favor, to help us defeat Grendel and end that terror† (Beowulf, ln 381 – 384). The monster, Grendel, hadShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Vs. Achilles Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesTasia McCoy Sophia DeSilva English 12 30 September 2015 Beowulf Vs. Achilles The Old English poem, Beowulf, doesn’t have an author. Nobody is one hundred percent sure about the history of Beowulf. All they know is that its about a warrior and a monster in conflict. Homer wrote â€Å"The Iliad,† roughly a thousand years before Beowulf. They were both a part of the ancient Greek world. Though Homer was blind, some scholars believe that a philosopher as a blind man had an exceptional inner vision. (72)Read MoreComparing the Characters of Beowulf and Achilles1291 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Beowulf and Achilles Both Beowulf and Achilles are poetic characters, who hail from different eras of history and different cultural backgrounds. While each is unique in his own way, the two heroes also share similar characteristics. This paper will compare and contrast the medieval Germanic hero Beowulf with the classical Greek hero Achilles (of Homers Iliad), and show how the two are similar and how the two are different. The first way in which both characters areRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Beowulf And Achilles1104 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Achilles and Beowulf both were born of high importance and were known throughout the lands. Beowulf and Achilles fought for two different reasons. Beowulf was being a help by contributing his talents with the defeating of Grendel. He never was even asked to do it, he volunteered himself. Beowulf used his talents to conquer bad monsters and super naturals in a good way. Achilles on the other hand was a talented fighter who used his strengths to conquer and kill Hector, the man who killed his friendRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Achilles : A Hero As A Hero829 Words   |  4 Pagesinspired by ancient heroes in the spirit of Beowulf and Achilles. Now, they were very similar to each other; but they had their differences too. No well written character is a hero â€Å"just because they are†, they need to have a motive for their actions, and it’s often a personal reason. Even back when Achilles was fighting for the Greek Empire, he initially wanted little to do with the Trojan War, but wound up fighting when a man named Hector killed Achilles’ cousin Patroclus. â€Å"Hector, had you thoughtRead MoreAchilles vs Beowulf compare and contrast Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and contrast Achilles vs Beowulf The way of the warriors Achilles and Beowulf were two characters that had an amazing power that made his name lives for hundreds of years. Great warriors need some to have some specific characteristics to reach their fame because we have seem in some heroes that they have gods strong, a unique way to be and goals to achieve. Comparing the character of Achilles and Beowulf who were two of the best warrior of the history we could know if there areRead MoreWhen tales are told of valiant heroes in history, a handful stand out as some of the most1400 Words   |  6 Pagestheir tale any less epic. Both Achilles and Beowulf brought a new style of hero to the table. The two heroes had their flaws, however paid it back in spades with the bravery displayed in their respective epics. What is interesting about these two heroes is that their stories were written in completely different time periods, by peoples who were geographically extremely far apart. Beowulf was written in the estimated early eighth century in Den mark, while The Iliad, Achilles tale, was written by HomerRead MoreLiterary Works Based On War And Heroism1003 Words   |  5 PagesInstructor Lovoy English 271 June 22, 2015 In reading The Iliad and Beowulf, one can conclude they are both literary works based on war and heroism. The hero in the Iliad is Achilles, who is from Greece and is the Archaen army’s greatest warrior in the battle of the Trojan war. Beowulf, a Geatish warrior has come to help the Danes in their long fight against Grendel, showing his heroism. Both characters Achilles and Beowulf share some similar traits such as their thirst for glory, their abnormalRead MoreCharacteristics Of Gilgamesh1021 Words   |  5 Pageswill put others before themselves. Beowulf is another example of heroism. Some people believe Beowulf is the definition of a hero. He shows his strength and wisdom to his people has he fights battles. Beowulf has physical strength and bravery, which shows everyone what a ample warrior he is. Beowulf shows his courage by willing to die for the life of other people. Beowulf rids the Kingdom of every demon, dragon, and anyone that is harming his people. As Beowulf battles become stronger and harderRead MoreCharateristics of Epic Heros837 Words   |  4 Pagesnot. Gilgamesh, Beowulf, Hector, and Achilles are characters that are very self-confident, courageous, and skillful, or the opposite! Self Confident-. A measure of ones belief in ones own abilities. Each character portrayed this characteristic, with Beowulf it was when he went to war with Grendel without any armor on. â€Å"I would rather not use a weapon if I knew another way to grapple/ with the dragon and make good boast/ as I did against Grendal in the days gone by.†(â€Å"Beowulf† 33) This quote showsRead MoreHeroes Are The People In The Society That We Admire For1048 Words   |  5 Pageswhich the people need at the time. In my case, I will be making a comparison of the Achilles, Beowulf, and Aeneas. All the three heroes portrayed different ideas that motivated their actions. Achilles is considered as the greatest warrior, although, he is a complex warrior. The character sometimes ignores cultural norms in the time he presides because he does not completely agree with the heroic code. With the Achilles, they believed in honoring and compensating their heroes for their heroic duties

Coiled Tubing Free Essays

E N H A N C I N G PRODUCTIVITY Coiled Tubing Solutions Solve Downhole Problems With Reliable, Cost-Effective Technology Baker Oil Tools Coiled Tubing Handbook The global oil and gas industry is using coiled tubing for an ever-increasing array of well intervention projects. Coiled tubing offers a number of operational and economic advantages, including: live well intervention, elimination of well kill and potentially damaging heavy-weight kill ? uids, reduced operational footprint, horizontal intervention, and the ability to intervene without a rig. These advantages have led to the development of truly ? -for-purpose coiled tubing systems from the industry’s largest provider of coiled tubing well intervention solutions – Baker Oil Tools. We will write a custom essay sample on Coiled Tubing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Baker Oil Tools offers its clients an unparalleled selection of coiled-tubing-conveyed intervention products, services and solutions with which to approach individual well requirements. This handbook was developed to help our clients determine which systems and services will best meet the needs of a particular application. For that reason, we have designed the handbook to highlight system capabilities within eight distinct intervention areas where coiled tubing can offer a highly effective and cost-ef? ient alternative. These eight categories are: Well Cleaning, Fishing and Milling, Zone Isolation, Stimulation and Fracturing, Sand Control Completions, Flow Management, Plug and Abandonment, and Sidetracking and Re-entry. Coiled Tubing Well Coiled Tubing Sections Well Cleaning Sandtrap System . . . . Debris Catching . . . . Underreaming . . . . . Impact Drilling . . . . . Mechanical Scale Removal . High-Pressure Jet Washing . Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 9 . 10 Well Cleaning Fishing and Milling Fishing and Milling Recovering Tools with Downhole Vibration Technology . . . . . Recovering Tools with Hydraulically Activated Fishing Tools . . . Recovering Coiled Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and Recovering Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . Cutting Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METAL MUNCHER ® Milling Assembly with Magnetic Chip Catcher OPTICUTâ„ ¢ Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 12 14 16 17 18 20 21 22 Zone Isolation Zone Isolation Through Tubing . . Retrievable Bridge Plug Retrievable Packer . Straddle Systems . . Monobore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23 24 25 26 27 Stimulation and Fracturing Stimulation and Fracturing 29 Through Tubing ISAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Retrievable Bridge Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Sand Control Completions Vent Screen System . . . . Squeeze-Pack System . . . Wash-Down System . . . . Circulating Gravel Pack System Sand Control Screens . . . . FRAQ PAQ Fluid Systems . . SM 35 Sand Control Completions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 37 38 39 40 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Management Increasing Gas Velocity While Reducing Water Production Velocity and Straddle Systems . . . . . . . . CTâ„ ¢ Tension Packer . . . . . . . . . . . . In? atable Straddle System . . . . . . . . . . Scale Inhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production/Injection Logging . . . . . . . . . Selective-Zone Completion . . . . . . . . . . Shifting Sliding Sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . Nipple-Less Completion Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 46 47 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 Flow Management Plug and Abandonment Plug and Abandonment 57 In? atable Permanent Bridge Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Permanent Cement Retainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Monobore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Sidetracking and Re-entry Slimhole Casing Exit Technology . . . Restricted-Bore Whipstock System . . Slimhole Milling Assemblies . . . . Open-Hole Completions . . . . . . Open-Hole Liner Systems . . . . . Coiled Tubing Drilling . . . . . . Drill Bits – Hughes Christensen Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sidetracking and Re-entry 62 63 64 65 65 68 74 1 2 Well Cleaning A clean wellbore is not only a prerequisite for trouble-free well testing and completion, it also helps ensure optimum production for the life of the well. Baker Oil Tools’ coiled-tubing-conveyed well cleaning solutions have long and highly successful track records. Well Cleaning Sandtrap System The Sandtrap System is a highly ef? cient method of cleaning out large volumes of sand or proppant from a wellbore where suf? cient annular velocity cannot be obtained to circulate the sand out conventionally using coiled tubing. The system incorporates jet pump technology and is powered by water or nitrogen. No foam is required. The Sandtrap System is extremely cost effective compared to alternatives where foam and chemicals are used. It is also extremely ef? cient and requires minimal time. The sand is removed as the tool is lowered, creating the space to continue the process. Production can be resumed immediately after cleanout. Clean wellbore ? uid enters throat and mixes with power ? uid The system comes in 5-3/4 in. and 3 in. OD sizes. Each application is ? ow modeled on an individual well basis. Key features and advantages †¢ Suitable for all sand / proppant types †¢ No foam system required for effective wellbore cleanout †¢ Water, nitrogen or mixture can be used as power ? uid †¢ Fast, ef? cient operation Return to wellbore via exit ports Case History North Sea Objective: A high volume of sand accumulated in a well causing decline in production. Bottomhole pressure in the well would not hold a ? uid column. The sand needed to be cleaned out of the well, with minimum shut-in time requested. CT Solution: A 5-3/4 in. OD Sandtrap System with extensions was chosen since a minimal amount of ? id would be introduced into the well and sand could be captured without circulating all the way up to surface, which would require a foam system. Result: The full 100% tool capacity was ? lled with sand during the ? rst two runs. During the third run only 73% of the capacity was ? lled, indicating that the sand in the well nearly emptied. This was con? rmed with the fourt h run only recovering 0. 5 gallon of sand. A total of 265 gallons of sand was recovered during the operation. Sand ? ltered out Passes through gravel screen Check valve traps sand inside tool Wellbore ? uid drawn into tool Jet Pump Sand Cleanout System 3 Debris Catching In wellbore cleanout situations where suf? cient annular velocity cannot be obtained to carry debris out of the wellbore, foam systems or nitri? ed ? uids can be used. A time- and cost-saving alternative is a debris catching system, which is used to remove various types of high-density debris and formation particles too heavy to be circulated to surface. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker’s Rotary Venturi Cleanout System consists of a Venturi Jet Junk Basket (VJJB) and Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor. Typically a VJJB is run alone but can be run with a motor to break up compacted debris that is too heavy to circulate to surface. The jet basket uses the venturi principle to create a pressure drop inside the tool. Extension barrels can be inserted in the tool to increase its solids carrying capacity. Key features and advantages †¢ Fully closed ? nger or ? utter catchers †¢ Can be run with any type of dressed shoe †¢ Adjustable reservoir through extensions †¢ Adjustable nozzles to accommodate various ? ow rates Motorhead Assembly Navi-Drill Workover Motor Venturi Jet Junk Basket A Venturi Jet Junk Basket (VJJB) with a dressed shoe can be run in conjunction with a Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor to break up compacted debris that is too heavy to circulate to surface. 4 Underreaming An underreamer is designed to pass through a downhole restriction, open, clean the hole to full gauge, and close for retrieval back through the restriction. The restriction is typically in the production tubing string, in the form of nipple pro? les, mandrels, and other completion accessories. In well cleaning the most common underreaming task is removing cement left from coiled tubing squeeze cementing. Leftover cement is typically the result of large cement nodes forming at the squeezed perforations, or cement hardening before the excess can be reversed out. These cement restrictions must be removed before re perforating. An underreamer is also used to clean out scale and hard ? ll that cannot be removed from liners by jet-washing tools. A mill could be used in these conditions, but the resulting hole size would be about the same as the internal drift of the tubing, leaving a sheath on the walls of the liner. This sheath could dislodge during subsequent operations, possibly resulting in stuck tools. Perforating would not be as ef? cient because the charges would have to expend energy penetrating the sheath before reaching the liner. Well Cleaning Production Tubing Coiled Tubing Connector Lockable Swivel Baker Oil Tools Solutions Dual Back Pressure Valve The DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer has proven highly successful in removing cement, packed sand, resin-coated sand, formation and other forms of obstructions. Unlike other slimhole underreamers, the DB Underreamer is designed with a positive locking feature to ensure all cutting blades maintain a full extension upon activation and during an underreaming operation. A proprietary software program models ? ow and operational characteristics of the DB Underreamer prior to each job and during ? eld operations. The program aids in determining appropriate ori? ce size to maximize the ef? ciency of allowable hydraulic power. Key features and advantages †¢ Adjustable nozzles for all ?ow ports †¢ Pressure indication on surface when arms are fully extended †¢ Sturdy construction for downhole reliability †¢ Designed to underream cased or open hole †¢ Positive locking of arms when activated Thru-Tubing Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Non-Rotating Stabilizer Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Case History North Sea Objective: Remove cement from a 7 in. 29. 00 lb/ft liner which was left partly cemented to a total depth of 13,600 ft. Due to a 3. 695 in. restriction in the completion, a conventional fullbore milling assemby could not be run. DB Underreamer CT Solution: A 3 in. OD DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer with lower bit box was used in combination with a 3. 35 in. turbo mill. This system was chosen because of the plug form of the cement. Cement Casing Result: The underreamer used in combination with the turbo mill successfully milled 1,118 ft of cement in a single run. Using water and high viscous pills, an average rate of penetration (ROP) of 74. 50 ft/hr was achieved. DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer Assembly 5 Impact Drilling Downhole conditions such as high temperatures (above 400 ° F) and hostile ? uids can signi? cantly reduce the life of a workover motor and limit milling operations. Impact drill systems are an attractive alternative because they perform reliably in adverse conditions. The most common applications of the impact drill include scale milling, hard cement milling, resin sand removal, and gravel removal. Motorhead Assembly Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ Single-Directional Impact Drill (Si-Di) is used to drill hard packed sand and cement, remove scale and drive debris downhole. The industry-leading impact drill can function as a standard impact hammer, or by applying a modular rotational feature, as a rotating impact drill. It has been speci? ally designed for use on coiled tubing but can be used on threaded pipe in conjunction with an accelerator. Fluid, gas, or foam power the tool, which can operate in temperatures over 600 °F. Single-Directional Impact Drill Key features and advantages †¢ Does not operate until the bit meets resistance †¢ Does not store reverse torque †¢ Can operate in high temperatures (above 600  °F) †¢ Operates with most ? uid media including high volumes of nitrogen †¢ Short make-up length †¢ Can be equipped to operate in hostile conditions †¢ Low redress costs (not constructed of elastomers) HIPP-TRIPPER Accelerator Weight Bar Case History North Sea Objective: Barium sulfate scale needed to be removed from a well which had a restricted tool-string deployment height of 11 ft. This ruled out using a conventional positive displacement motor and underreamer assembly. CT Solution: A 2-5/8 in. OD Si-Di Impact Drill equipped with a Cut Button Bit was deployed with a conventional motorhead assembly. Overall assembly length was 9 ft. Result: The assembly successfully drilled out approximately 210 ft of barium sulfate scale at an average rate of 61 ft/hour. The cleanout yielded a 96% increase in oil production in the 7 in. monobore completion. Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Impact Drill Cut Button Bit A well cleaning bottomhole assembly incorporating a Si-Di Impact Drill in combination with a Cut Button Bit for scale removal or hard formation drilling. 6 Mechanical Scale Removal Removing scale is one of the most common through-tubing applications on coiled tubing. Although various other methods of scale removal have been attempted, mechanical methods have yielded by far the most consistent success rate. Well Cleaning Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill has proven to be the most effective of all options for scale removal. A typical Baker Oil Tools scale removal bottomhole assembly (BHA) consists of a Turbo Scale Mill run below the industry-leading NaviDrill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor. The cutting matrix and layout of the Turbo Scale Mill face have been optimized for this setup. The mill has a smaller contact area when milling, which reduces torque consumption. As a result, there are fewer motor stalls and rate of penetration (ROP) is increased. Stabilizer pads and brass dressed on top of the METAL MUNCHER inserts minimize the risk of damaging the tubing or casing wall. The mill is dressed such that if the initial cutting edge breaks due to vibration or hardness of the scale, a second, lower, dressed layer will take over. This design has lengthened mill life per run and reduced trips to surface during extended milling operations, while the improved ef? ciency has increased cost savings through reduction in overall intervention time. Baker’s METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill has proven to be the most effective of all scale removal options. Key features and advantages (Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor) †¢ Higher rates of penetration †¢ Extended run times †¢ Reduced milling times †¢ Minimal ? w rates required to achieve maximum horsepower †¢ Controlled rotational speed protects cutting matrix †¢ Increased reliability in high-stress applications †¢ Successful operation in downhole temperatures above 400 ° F 7 Case History North Sea Objective: The operator required ef? cient removal of scale from a 14 ,400 ft well consisting consisting of 4-1/2 in. 13. 50 lb/ft tubing and 7 in. 35. 00 lb/ft liner. Wellbore ? uids were known to be hostile with a history of causing severe damage to conventional workover motor stators. The operation was to be performed from a lower deck with restricted height available for tool-string deployment. CT Solution: A reduced length 2. 88 in. OD Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor was proposed in conjunction with a 3. 61 in. OD METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill. The reduced length assembly could be deployed within the restricted riser height. Result: The hard scale was successfully removed from the 4-1/2 in. tubing using the Turbo Scale Milling Assembly. The same motor was again deployed in conjunction with a DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer to successfully remove scale from the 7 in. liner. Job time for both trips was less than 14 hours, with no ? uid damage caused to the X-treme Motor stator. Top No-Go Tubing Nipple Coiled Tubing Connector Lockable Swivel Dual Back Pressure Valve Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Thru-Tubing Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Non-Rotating Stabilizer Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Turbo Scale Mill A typical Baker scale removal bottomhole assembly (BHA) consists of a Turbo Scale Mill run below the industry-leading Navi-Drill  ® X-treme  ® Workover Motor. 8 High-Pressure Jet Washing Wellbore cleaning solutions also include a variety of high-pressure jet washing tools. These tools are used for sand, paraf? n, asphaltine or scale cleanouts. High-pressure jet washing tools are also highly effective for cleaning completion accessories such as nipples, gas lift mandrels and screens where mechanical means are limited. Well Cleaning Coiled Tubing Connector Baker Oil Tools Solutions Lateral entry and washing Dual Back Pressure Valve Baker Oil Tools offers an extensive array of tools that can be used as accessories for standard milling and ? shing assemblies. The Hydraulic Indexing Tool enables a BHA to rotate in 30 ° increments with high torque. The Hydraulic Bent Sub is designed to provide a means of hydraulically â€Å"kicking over† a tool string for entry into laterals or for ? hing applications. The High-Flow Spinning Wash Tool is used to ef? ciently wash sand and debris. Key features and advantages †¢ Kick-over force is easily controllable by hydraulic pressure differential †¢ Positive rotational control when used with indexing tool †¢ High speed rotation spinning wash tool †¢ May be run with a variety of ? uids Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Indexing Tool Hydraulic Bent Sub Spinning Wash Tool A lateral wash assembly consisting of a Hydraulic Indexing Tool, a Hydraulic Bent Sub and a High-Flow Spinning Wash Tool. 9 Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool The Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool effectively cleans out the wellbore or stimulates the reservoir using the ? uidic oscillating principle. A vortex is formed inside the tool, which produces oscillating pulses upon exiting. These pulses produce sonic stress waves that have a far greater effective range than a common jetting nozzle. Non-damaging cleanout of complex and delicate structures such as downhole screens, installations, gas lift mandrels, and sliding sleeves is possible because the cleaning radius is not limited by tool standoff. Key features and advantages †¢ No moving parts †¢ Pulsates any ? uid, gas, or mixture such as nitrogen, water and/or acid †¢ Produces sonic stress waves so cleaning radius is not limited by tool geometry †¢ Effectively stimulates the reservoir †¢ Available ? ush with coiled tubing OD Internal Coiled Tubing Connector Coiled Tubing Case History Texas Objective: To remove barium sulfate scale from the production tubing and perforated interval in a gas well where previous bailer attempts were unsuccessful. Production in the well had steadily declined to 140 Mcf/day and 600 psi wellhead pressure. CT Solution: A 1-1/4 in. OD Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool on 1-1/4 in. OD coiled tubing was selected to clean out the barium sulfate scale. To ensure the ? ll would return to surface and reduce the hydrostatic pressure acting on the reservoir, a water / nitrogen mixture was used. Result: The cyclic stress waves generated by the action created by the Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool, combined with the water medium, broke up the scale. The scale was successfully removed and production increased to 5 MMscf with a 2,600 psi wellhead pressure. Dual Back Pressure Valve Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool Wellbore Cleanout and Reservoir Stimulation 10 Fishing and Milling Recovering Tools with Downhole Vibration Technology When ? shing on coiled tubing for devices stuck in hole, hydraulic jars are typically used as means of providing impact force to free the device. The drawback is that the pipe must be cycled over the gooseneck multiple times to ? re and reset the jar. Downhole vibration technology places impact energy right where the device is stuck and frees it quickly, even from deep or deviated wells. Coiled Tubing Connector Fishing and Milling Baker Oil Tools Solutions Dual Back Pressure Valve Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Non-Rotating Stabilizer Unlike conventional jars, Baker’s Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar (Bi-Di) delivers the energy of the impact immediately above the ? sh. The Bi-Di is used extensively in ? shing operations to deliver both upward and downward impact up to 1,000 times per minute. This high-frequency jarring action, combined with a constant overpull, is similar to the action created by a vibratory extractor, which is a highly effective method of extracting sand-compacted ? h. The Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar is especially effective for installing and removing equipment in horizontal and highly deviated wells. Because the tool resets and activates itself with the aid of pumped ? uid, cycling the coiled tubing is eliminated, which extends its life. In addition to functioning as an excellent alternative to jarring, the vibratory jar can be used to shift sliding sleeves, swage ope n collapsed tubing, break ceramic or glass disks, and retrieve wireline tools in deviated wells. Key features and advantages †¢ May be operated using gas/foam/? id including nitrogen †¢ Temperature rated up to 600 °F †¢ Compatible with highly deviated/horizontal wellbore applications †¢ Can circulate while going in the hole †¢ Eliminates cycling of pipe Bi-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Vibratory Jar Case History Gulf of Mexico Objective: A G-Stop Plug installed above a gravel pack screen needed to be removed. Numerous wireline and coiled tubing overpull and jarring methods had been unsuccessful in removing the plug. Hydraulic Releasing Spear CT Solution: Deploy a 2-1/8 in. Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar to retrieve the G-Stop. Result: G-Stop was retrieved in 18 minutes of on-bottom time. Bi-Directional Vibratory Fishing BHA 11 Recovering Tools with Hydraulically Activated Fishing Tools Most types of conventional spears and overshots can be conveyed on coiled tubing. These include standard basket and spiral-type overshots, kelo sockets, mousetrap overshots, and releasing spears. However, these types of tools cannot be released conventionally because coiled tubing cannot be rotated. If these tools are run on coiled tubing and the ? sh cannot be retrieved after latching the overshot, a hydraulic disconnect farther up the tool string must be activated. This leaves additional tools in the hole. To avoid this situation, it is advisable to run hydraulic releasing spears and overshots before running conventional types of spears and overshots when ? shing using coiled tubing. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker’s Hydraulic Releasing Spears and Overshots are designed speci? cally for coiled tubing ? shing operations. The overshot is used to catch either external ? shnecks or slick ODs, and the spear is used in internal ? shnecks or slick IDs. Hydraulic Releasing Spears and Overshots for ? shneck pro? les are dressed with a collet designed to ? a speci? c ? shneck type. Overshots and spears designed to catch slick ? shnecks are dressed with a grapple-type collet in the speci? c catch range size required. For ? shing in larger-diameter wellbores, Baker Oil Tools’ patented hydraulic release ? shing tools have been designed to allow engagement of a ? sh with an internal or external ? shing neck. These tools were designed speci? cal ly for coiled tubing or threaded pipe operations where no rotation is possible. Key features and advantages †¢ Designed speci? cally for coiled tubing conveyance †¢ Ability to circulate ? id out of the end of the tool provides a means of washing debris or ? ll from the ? shneck to allow proper latching †¢ Collet-style grapple does not get loaded during jarring operation; grapple section that catches the ? sh is in compression when pulling or jarring on the ? sh Indexing Tool Motorhead Assembly Hydraulic Knuckle Joint Hydraulic Release Overshot A Baker Oil Tools Hydraulic Release Overshot is combined in a bottomhole assembly with other hydraulically actuated tools to enable ? shing through tubing in a larger bore. This BHA can locate a small ? hing neck in a larger bore by activating the Indexing Tool and the Hydraulic Bent Sub to systematically search the larger bore and engage the ? sh. 12 Internal Fishing Necks Size Max 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 7 . 90 1. 08 1 . 40 1. 83 2. 33 2. 64 3. 14 4. 02 5. 38 A (In. ) Min . 88 1. 06 1. 38 1. 81 2. 31 2. 62 3. 12 4. 00 5. 40 Max 1. 05 1. 24 1. 58 1. 99 2. 52 2. 83 3. 33 4. 21 5. 62 B (In. ) Min 1. 03 1. 22 1. 56 1. 97 2. 50 1-1/2 2. 81 3. 31 4. 19 5. 64 2 3 2. 81 3. 38 4. 19 5. 60 2. 78 3. 35 4. 16 5. 64 1 1. 38 2 C (In. ) D (In. ) E (In. ) Max 1. 03 1. 19 1. 62 1. 94 2. 50 F (In. ) Min 1. 0 1. 16 1. 59 1. 91 2. 47 Fishing and Milling E D C C MIN .50 70? 45? 30? 30? F A B A -. 010 +. 000 B -. 032 +. 000 D MIN .03 R . 06 X 45 Internal Fishing Necks .06 R External Fishing Necks External Fishing Necks Min tubing size in which neck may be run (In. ) 1. 660 Pulling Tool A (In. ) B (In. ) C (In. ) D (In. ) Otis 1-3/16 RB 1-5/16 SM* 1-1/4 RB* 1-1/2 RB* 1-1/2 RB* 1-1/2 SB 2 RB* 2 SB 2-1/2 RB* 2-1/2 SB 3 RB* 3 SB Camco 1-1/4 JDC* 1-5/16 JDC* 1-3/8 JDC* 1-1/2 JDC* 1-1/2 JUC 2 JDC* 2 JUC 2-1/2 JDC* 2-1/2 JUC 3 JDC* 3 JUC .875 .688 2-3/4 1-5/16 1. 660 1. 000 .813 2-3/4 1-7/16 1. 900 1. 188 1. 000 -1/4 1-1/2 2- 3/8 1. 375 1. 188 2-3/8 1-15/16 2-7/8 1. 750 1. 500 2-1/4 2-3/8 3-1/2 2. 313 2. 063 2-1/4 2-7/8 * These dimensions are based on using the pulling tools (overshots) most commonly found on wireline service trucks. They are the Otis RB, RS, SB, and SS, and the Camco JDC, JUC, JDS, and JUS. The RB, RS, JUC, and JUS are all jar-up release tools, and the others are jar-down to release. The minimum recommended distance to allow an Otis SB or Camco JDC pulling tool to release. Fishing neck type size sometimes referred to by â€Å"A† dimension. The least recommended diameter immediately surrounding the ? hing neck to allow the overshot dogs room to latch and unlatch. Camco is a trademark of Schlumberger; Otis is a registered trademark of Halliburton. 13 Recovering Coiled Tubing When coiled tubing parts in tension, it â€Å"necks† down over several inches at the point where it parted. It is possible for overshots to engage the top of the parted section, but engaging parted coile d tubing can be dif? cult because of residual helix and spring in the coil itself. When coiled tubing parts are in compression, it typically buckles and bends over to form a â€Å"shepherd’s hook† shape. A compression failure normally requires dressing the coiled tubing using a washover shoe before running tools such as a Snipper or Continuous Tubing Overshots. Baker Oil Tools Solutions The Snipper Overshot is used to remove the damaged top section of parted coiled tubing remaining in the hole. A catch and cutting mechanism in the overshot washes over the top of the coiled tubing. Once the required amount of coiled tubing (typically 5 to 10 ft) is â€Å"swallowed†, overpull is applied, which forces the catch grapple to bite into the coiled tubing. This overpull may be suf? cient to free the ? h. If not, the overpull is increased to activate the lower cutting grapple, which cuts the coiled tubing. Once the snipper has been run, a round ? shneck with a non-restricted ID remains to allow passage of a chemical cutter should one be required later in the ? shing operation. The Snipper Overshot has also been used as a primary retrieval tool to recover several thousand feet of coiled tubing in a single trip. The Continuous Tubing Overshot (CTO) is used to catch coiled tubing that has parted in the hole. The CTO uses an internal grapple sized to the coiled tubing being ? shed. The grapple segments are arranged in a circumference to provide a nearly complete slip bite. They are springloaded against the coiled tubing, so long sections of tubing can be washed over without dragging the grapple teeth against the tubing and causing tooth damage. The CTO moves freely downward over the coiled tubing. The grapple segments engage with any upward movement of the tool. The CTO can be run with either threaded tubing or coiled tubing workstrings when ? shing coiled tubing. Sometimes circulating ? uids out around the coiled tubing being ? shed can help to free it. In these cases, a High Pressure Packoff (HPP) is run above the CTO. The HPP can also allow drop balls to be circulated to seat in circulation subs and hydraulic disconnect tools in the original BHA. Actuation of these tools can also help to free the stuck tubing. Key features and advantages †¢ Modular design for multiple sizes of coiled tubing †¢ Snipper retrieves coiled tubing above cut in same trip †¢ May be run on threaded or coiled tubing †¢ High Pressure Packoff allows high pressure circulation through a ? sh Cut and retrieve Coiled Tubing using a Snipper Overshot. 14 Case History Algeria Objective: Poor cement quality in a well created problems in setting a cement kickoff plug, which resulted in 2 in. coiled tubing being cemented in the well. The cemented coiled tubing had to be removed so the completion could be recovered. CT Solution: A Baker Oil Tools Snipper Overshot was deployed to cut and retrieve the coiled tubing which was cemented on the inside. Result: On the ? rst run of the Snipper Overshot, 1,115 ft of 2 in. CT was successfully recovered with no problems. The ? nal foot of recoverable CT was recovered on the second run. The remaining section of CT was below the existing completion, so the operator was able to remove the entire completion. Fishing and Milling 15 Removing and Recovering Obstructions Breaking completion obstructions such as knock-out isolation valves (KOIV) using an impact hammer and ceramic disk breaker is common practice on coiled tubing. Traditionally the debris is removed with a debris catching device on a subsequent run. However, Baker Oil Tools offers a safe, reliable, one-trip solution. Coiled Tubing Connector Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker’s Single-Directional Impact Drill (Si-Di) is used to drill hard packed sand and cement, remove scale and drive debris downhole. The industry-leading impact drill can function as a standard impact hammer or, by applying a modular rotational feature, as a rotating impact drill. It has been speci? cally designed for use on coiled tubing but can be used on threaded pipe in conjunction with an accelerator. Fluid, gas, or foam power the tool, which can operate in temperatures over 600 °F. The Si-Di can also be run with a Venturi Jet Junk Basket to allow wellbore obstructions to be impacted and debris recovered in a single trip. Key features and advantages †¢ Does not operate until the bit meets resistance †¢ Does not store reverse torque †¢ Can operate in high temperatures (above 600 ° F) †¢ Operates with most ? uid media including high volumes of nitrogen †¢ Short make-up length †¢ Can be equipped to operate in hostile conditions †¢ Low redress costs (not constructed of elastomers) Dual Back Pressure Valve Hydraulic Jar FA Hydraulic Disconnect Case History Gulf of Mexico Objective: On an extremely challenging thru-tubing ? shing operation, where operational risk and cost had to be minimized, the following objectives were given; †¢ To break a pair of ceramic isolation ? ppers at 26,806 ft measured depth †¢ Ensure effective cleaning after breakage of the ? appers and any other debris encountered †¢ Shift a ? uid loss device at a depth of 27,090 ft MD CT Solution: The Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER ®, Venturi Jet Junk Basket and custom bit were deployed in the same BH A to allow the ? appers to be broken, debris to be collected and the ? uid loss device to be shifted open, all in one trip. Extensive testing and prejob planning con? rmed the solution’s feasibility. Result: Results of the operations performed are summarized as follows: †¢ The ? appers were broken, debris recovered and ? id loss valve shifted. †¢ Fewer trips reduced overall risk of the operation and saved the client an estimated $400,000 †¢ The job set a record working depth for coiled tubing in the Gulf of Mexico. Obstruction Removal and Recovery System Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Impact Drill Venturi Jet Junk Basket Special Shoe 16 Cutting Pipe Production Tubing Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Back Pressure Valve For many years, wireline-conveyed explosive jet and chemical cutters have been the preferred choice for cutting tubulars in slimhole wellbores. Baker Oil Tools offers a safe, ef? ient alternative in applications where explosive jet or chemical cutters are unable to provide suf? cient energy to cut single or multiple strings of pipe downhole. Baker Oil Tools Solutions The DBâ„ ¢ Cutter is safer than explosive or chemical cutting methods since it does not contain or use any hazardous materials and is activated by hydraulic pressure and mechanical forces. Its superior cutting ability is proven by the fact that it has successfully cut internally plastic-coated drill pipe and production tubing containing 25% CR and has completed cuts through multiple strings of pipe with cement in between. The DB Cutter uses several unique cutting blade con? gurations that were designed speci? cally to address various metallurgical properties and dimensions. The cutting blades contain METAL MUNCHER ® cutting inserts, which were developed by Baker Oil Tools to mill and cut a variety of metals downhole at a high rate of penetration. METAL MUNCHER blades require less applied weight and less torque. They last longer; cuttings are small, uniform, and easy to circulate out. Each cutting insert is placed in a speci? c pattern to ensure that a new cutting element becomes exposed to the pipe wall when the previous insert diminishes. When cutting tubing using coiled tubing as means of deployment, it is dif? cult to keep the knives of the cutting tool in a ? xed position, because the coiled tubing is moving when the pumps are started or when the pump rate is increased. The robust, self-stabilizing DB Cutter and a Navi-Drill ® V. I. P. â„ ¢ or X-treme ® Workover Motor in combination with the Hydraulic/Mechanical Tubing Anchor constitute the preferred bottomhole assembly for this type of application. Key features and advantages †¢ Self-stabilizing Fishing and Milling Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Dual Actuated Circulating Sub Hydraulic Centralizer Navi-Drill V. I. P. Workover Motor DB Cutter †¢ Superior cutting ability from blades designed with METAL MUNCHER cutting inserts †¢ Safer than explosive or chemical cutting methods †¢ Limited maximum knife expansion prevents damage to outer casing strings Tubing Cut @ 7,290 ft Tubing Cut @ 7,661 ft Case History South America Objective: To perform a series of cuts in 4-1/2 in. 12. 75 lb/ft tubing which was stuck inside 9-5/8 in. casing due to a sand ? lled annulus. A tubing washover was not feasible due to wire and clamps being ? ed to the tubing OD. A previous chemical cutter attempt was unsuccessful. CT Solution: A 2-1/4 in. DB Cutter was deployed with a 2-1/8 in. OD Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor, Hydraulic Centralizer and standard running assembly. Result: Five cuts were made inside the tubing. Two of the cuts were completed in a single trip into the well. Although one of the ? ve cuts had penetrated 90% into the pi pe, each cut was pulled successfully and no top dressing was required prior to latching with a ? shing overshot. Tubing Cut @ 7,943 ft Tubing Cut @ 8,255 ft Tubing Cut @ 8,537 ft Casing DBâ„ ¢ Cutter System, cutting production tubing with sensor wire clamped onto the outside 17 Milling Coiled tubing is used to mill materials such as scale, metal, cement and composite and cast-iron bridge plugs, as well as many forms of loose junk. When milling metal, Baker Oil Tools’ ? shing calculations software helps calculate mill bit speeds to provide optimum milling performance. Fishing Calculations Software Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ METAL MUNCHER ® Step Mill consists of a series of steps with a wear pad at the top of the largest OD step. Each step is dressed with tungsten carbide cutting inserts, and the length of each step is custom built to suit the dimensions of the nipple being enlarged. The step feature is designed to keep torque consumption of the workover motor low and cutting sizes to a minimum. This mill design is based in part on lathe-cutting principles and leaves a machine-like ? nish on the milled surface. The mill may be manufactured with a pilot for additional stabilization. Enlarging or removing nipple pro? les is usually performed during through-tubing operations where the ID of the nipple is less than the OD of tools required to pass through it. In many cases, the lower tailpipe nipple of the completion is removed to allow contingency ? shing tools access to the liner below. A pro? le-enlargement milling assembly includes the same BHA con? guration as a scale milling assembly, but with a different mill bit design. Step Mill Key features and advantages †¢ Low torque application †¢ Machine-like ? nish left on milled surface †¢ Will not damage outer string 18 Case History North Sea Objective: An operator in the UK sector of the North Sea required a 3. 688 in. ID nickel alloy â€Å"AR† Nipple to be milled out to 3. 75 in. ID to allow a Baker Oil Tools Coiled Tubing Straddle Assembly consisting of two 3. 70 in. OD Model KB Packers to be set below the nipple. Fishing and Milling CT Solution: Due to the extreme challenges presented by milling nickel alloy material, two special insert step mills were custom built for this application. The mills were deployed on 1-1/2 in. OD coiled tubing and powered by a 2-7/8 in. Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor. Result: The nipple was milled to 3. 875 in. ID out in two runs as planned, with actual on-bottom milling time of 5-1/2 hours for both runs. The second mill drifted the nipple twice upon completion of milling and was measured in gauge upon inspection at surface. The KB straddle assembly could then be set below the nipple depth. 19 METAL MUNCHER ® Milling Assembly with Magnetic Chip Catcher On a milling job, a Magnetic Chip Catcher can be run above the motor to help remove cuttings from the well. The tool houses magnets that attract metal chips from the wellbore ? uid. This tool is ideal for use on coiled tubing, where annular ? uid velocities are too low to carry cuttings out of the well. The catcher is usually run directly above the motor. A centralizer is incorporated in the tool to stand it off the casing so cuttings will remain on the tool and not be scraped off while pulling out of the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ Helps keep metal cuttings out of mud system †¢ Magnets are enclosed in housing for easy cutting removal †¢ Special centralizer feature to maintain standoff from casing Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Back Pressure Valve Case History Alaska Objective: The operator required approximately 80 ft of 2-7/8 in. 6. 40 lb/ft liner – cemented inside 4-1/2 in. 12. 0 lb/ft casing – to be milled and circulated out of the well. This would allow a whipstock to be set at a desired kickoff point and a dual exit window to be milled through 4-1/2 in. 12. 60 lb/ft and 7 in. 26. 00 lb/ft casing. CT Solution: A high-performance Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor was deployed on coiled tubing in combination with a custom-designed METAL MUNCHER ® Piranha M ill. Result: The required section of 2-7/8 in. liner was successfully removed in a total of 94 hours milling time. The monobore whipstock was subsequently set at the desired kickoff point and the window milled through two casing strings. Thru-Tubing Fishing Chip Catcher Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor METAL MUNCHER Junk Mill Milling Bottomhole Assembly with Chip Catcher 20 OPTICUT â„ ¢ Mills Baker Oil Tools’ OPTICUTâ„ ¢ Junk Mills are designed for milling debris where milling inserts are considered too aggressive. These mills effectively remove composite bridge plugs such as QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ plugs. While a single mill can remove an average of seven to ten composite bridge plugs before redress is required, as many as 14 plugs have been removed successfully using the same OPTICUTâ„ ¢ mill. OPTICUTâ„ ¢ dressed mills use the patented OPTICUTâ„ ¢ starshaped insert that is ideally suited to mud motors since it creates small cuttings and does not need high set-down weight to perform optimally. Baker Oil Tools offers a variety of sizes and con? gurations accommodating all common casing and tubing sizes. Key features and advantages †¢ Optimum shaped geometry assures sharp cutting edges and points are looking up no matter how the insert is positioned †¢ Sixteen cutting points and eight cutting edges OPTICUT â„ ¢ Star-Shaped Insert Fishing and Milling Sharp edges and points result in less weight requirement and increased rate of penetration (ROP) 21 Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub The Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub, when positioned between a workover motor and a mill, improves milling performance and aids in achieving higher rates of penetration. A vortex is formed inside the tool, which produces oscillating pulses. Upon exiting; these pulses produce sonic stress waves that have a far greater effective range than a common bit nozzle. Because pressure differential created across the bit sub is only 75 psi, the overall performance of the motor is not compromised. Higher penetration rates result from the higher impact pressure created from pulsing the jet stream and the reduction of the â€Å"hydraulic hold-down effect† on cuttings that is caused by straight jets. The Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub aids not only in breaking up hard, brittle material, but also in cleaning the bit and removing debris from the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ Pulsates any ? uid, gas, or mixture such as nitrogen, water, and/or acid †¢ Produces sonic stress waves so cleaning radius is not limited by tool geometry †¢ Increased penetration rate Motorhead Assembly Case History Texas Objective: Mill cement from inside a 2-7/8 in. ompletion, which was inadvertently set 2,500 ft too high. CT Solution: A Vortech Bit Sub along with a 1-11/16 in. OD workover motor and cement mill. Result: 1-11/16 in. workover motor and cement mill showed slow progress. When the Vortech Bit Sub was installed between the motor and mill, rate of penetration (ROP) increased by 40%. Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub Turbo Scale Mill Scale Milling Assembly with Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub 22 Zone Isolation Through Tubing Zone isolation is one of the most common through-tubing well intervention operations where coiled tubing can add value. Through-tubing workover solutions can be carried out in ‘live’ well conditions, negating any requirements for costly and time-consuming well kill operations and eliminating the chances of irreparable wellbore damage that may result from using kill-weight ? uids. A through-tubing zonal isolation system can be engineered to provide a solution whether the zone in question is a lower zone, an intermediate zone or an upper zone. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker pioneered the development of reliable, high-expansion, Thru-Tubing In? atable Element Technology beginning in 1985. The most prevalent industry use of Thru-Tubing in? atable products and services has been in the area of zone isolation, with water shutoff ranking as the number one application. The versatility offered by a Thru-Tubing in? atable packing element allows for tools to be set in the most diverse range of wellbore environments, including cased hole, slotted pipe, perforations, open hole and screens. Our complete line of coiled tubing deployed in? atable products and services includes ? t-for-purpose, in-house-designed running and retrieving tools and our INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ proprietary design software package. INFLATEDESIGN aids in the planning, engineering and implementation of our Thru-Tubing in? atable well intervention tools. The software enables structured gathering of relevant completion, reservoir, coiled tubing and post well intervention information which is used to generate an in? atable element performance envelope. This performance envelope identi? es the ability of the selected Thru-Tubing element to handle the required differential pressure conditions and enables the Baker Oil Tools operations engineer to make job set-up changes to minimize the effects of these conditions and optimize the results to the operator. Zone Isolation Section View of In? atable Element 3. 375 in. Inflatable Element Performance Envelope for 6. 094 in. ID Standard Element -6000. 00 -4000. 00 -2000. 00 Below Element Pressure (psia) 0. 00 2000. 00 4000. 00 6000. 00 8000. 00 8000. 00 6000. 00 4000. 00 Above Element Pressure (psia) COND #1 2000. 00 0. 00 COND #2 -2000. 00 -4000. 00 -6000. 00 1600 psi Initial Inflate Pressure Cond. #1 Cond. #2 INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ Element Performance Envelope 23 Retrievable Bridge Plug A Thru-Tubing Retrievable Bridge Plug may be used to plug off any part of the wellbore where a more temporary or temporary-to-permanent application is required. The Retrievable Bridge Plug is conveyed to setting depth via coiled tubing and set by means of applied coiled tubing pressure. After setting, the bridge plug is disconnected from the running string via a hydraulic release running tool. A high-expansion in? atable packing element may allow for expansion capabilities of greater than 350% and may support applied differential pressures of greater than 8,500 psi. The bridge plug may be retrieved with either coiled tubing or wireline and latched, equalized and released with a single trip in the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ No well kill required †¢ In? table packing element can be run through restrictions then seals effectively in larger ID below †¢ Single trip to equalize, release and retrieve reduces intervention costs †¢ External ? shing neck pro? le eliminates internal debris problems Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Releas e Case History Indonesia Objective: An operator in Indonesia needed to isolate a lower water-producing zone in 9-5/8 in. 47. 00 lb/ft casing through a minimum tubing restriction of 3. 13 in. CT Solution: A Baker Oil Tools 3. 00 in. OD Thru-Tubing In? table Retrievable Bridge Plug was run, set and disconnected from a setting depth of 8,470 ft and a deviation of 67?. Result: After returning the well to production, the water cut was reduced from 12,000 bbls/day to 7,300 bbls/day while the production rate was increased from 1,400 bbls/day to 4,500 bbls/day. Thru-Tubing In? atable Permanent Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 58. Thru-Tubing In? atable Permanent Cement Retainer. Please refer to Page 59. Nipple Pro? le Locator Ball Operated Circulation Valve In? ation Valve Hydraulic Disconnect Running Tool Retrievable Bridge Plug CT Isolation of Lower Zones Using a Thru-Tubing In? table Retrievable Bridge Plug 24 Retrievable Packer The Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer is a high-ex pansion retrievable packer designed to carry out various workover operations in a through-tubing environment. Zonal isolation with a packer is typically performed on either a lower or intermediate zone. For lower zone applications, the packer is used to protect the upper zones from the cement or chemical shut-off treatment performed through the coiled tubing. The Thru-Tubing In? atable Packer is conveyed to setting depth via coiled tubing, set, treating operations conducted, equalized and retrieved in a single trip in hole. For intermediate zone isolation, the packer will more than likely be used in conjunction with a Thru-Tubing Retrievable In? atable Bridge Plug. Here the bridge plug will be set below the zone of interest and the packer positioned above the zone of interest. Now coiled tubing treatment operations can be performed selectively to the required isolation zone. Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing Connector Zone Isolation Fluid Loading Valve Key features and advantages †¢ Selective treatment eliminates damage to productive zones Dual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve One-trip system reduces intervention costs †¢ Coiled tubing stays attached so recovery concerns are minimized †¢ Integral packer equalization negates potentially damaging CT forces Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Release Tension Operated Equalizing/ Circulating Valve Retrievable Packer Selective Zonal Treatment Using Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer 25 Straddle Systems Baker Oil Tools has designed a n umber of Thru-Tubing In? atable Straddle Systems with different geometries to offer clients a solution to zonal isolation requirements where isolation of either an upper or intermediate zone is required. Both permanent and retrievable systems are available with design criteria that optimize the ratio of straddle ID to straddle OD in order to minimize restrictions for either production or injection through the zone of isolation. These systems can be run as a single unit if coiled tubing lubricator restrictions will allow, or more commonly, in sections. When running a modular system, the straddle system is effectively assembled downhole via multiple coiled tubing runs using a releasable and sealable snap latch mechanism to couple the straddle sections together in the wellbore. To date the longest straddle placed in a producing environment using this technology was in excess of 1,800 ft. The straddle system may also incorporate ? ow control devices such as nipples and sliding sleeves, and can be blank pipe or sand screen depending on isolation requirements. Key features and advantages †¢ Maximizing straddle OD/ID ratio minimizes pressure drop and may allow the potential of future through-straddle intervention work †¢ Straddle length is not limited by lubricator constraints †¢ Availability of exotic alloys means intervention straddle can meet completion metallurgy selection criteria Completion Case History UK Objective: A well in the UK sector of the North Sea required isolation of an upper gas producing zone in 7 in. 29. 00 lb/ft L-80 casing below a 4. 313 in. minimum restriction. The zone in question was perforated from 14,622 ft to 14,724 ft. A differential pressure capability of 6,000 psi was required. CT Solution: A 4-1/4 in. OD x 2. 25 in. ID Thru-Tubing Permanent In? atable Straddle System was run in two sections. The total straddle length was 168 ft with a 2-7/8 in. 6. 40 lb/ft straddle pipe used. Result: After straddle installation, the lower oil producing zone was perforated through the straddle and the well brought back on line with produced ? uids in excess of 20,000 bbls per day. This in? atable straddle system was maintained in a producing environment for more than seven years. In? atable Straddle Acidizing Packer (ISAPâ„ ¢). Please refer to Page 30. Snap Latch Upper Receptacle Upper Straddle Element Interval Spacing Lower Straddle Element Wireline Entry Guide Intermediate Zonal Isolation Using Thru-Tubing In? atable Straddle System 26 Monobore With coiled-tubing-conveyed systems, zone isolation in a monobore well intervention operation does not require costly kill-weight ? uids that can irreversibly damage the formation. Not using kill-weight ? uids allows the effective treatment of zones that require fracturing operations in a wide range of injection pressures. A monobore zone isolation system can be targeted to provide a solution whether the treatment of the zone is in a lower, intermediate or upper portion of the wellbore. Baker Oil Tools provides a one-trip, coiled-tubing-conveyed system for single zone isolation in monobore environments. Baker Oil Tools Solutions The Model N-1â„ ¢ Cast Iron Bridge Plug is a high-performance, drillable bridge plug suitable for almost any zone isolation operation. The plug is constructed from select materials that provide a combination of strength and drillability. The CTâ„ ¢ Hydraulic Setting Tool and Model N-1 Bridge Plug are designed to be run and hydraulically operated on coiled tubing. No rotation is required to operate the system, which makes it ideal for coiled tubing applications in highly deviated wells. When running the Model N-1, the CT Setting Tool allows the operator to spot cement on top of the bridge plug and/or circulate the hole clean prior to pulling out of the well. Key features and advantages †¢ Construction of drillable materials allow coiled tubing deployed downhole mills and motors to easily remove the bridge plug should it be necessary to do so for future operations †¢ Drill-out time is minimized †¢ Swab-resistant element design allows faster run-in speed Model WGâ„ ¢ Retrievable Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 34. CT Setting Tool. Please refer to Page 60. The CTâ„ ¢ Service Packer is a compact, economical, retrievable packer designed for use in coiled tubing applications. The CT Packer is a multiple-set-and-release packer that operates ef? ciently with an â€Å"auto-J† mechanism actuated from the surface by axial movement of the coiled tubing, which makes the packer easy to set and release. The emergency shear release values can be adjusted for downhole conditions and pull capabilities. Key features and advantages †¢ Short and compact †¢ Uses an easy-to-operate â€Å"auto-J† mechanism for multiple set and release †¢ Adjustable emergency shear release Zone Isolation Model CTâ„ ¢ Tension Set Service Packer 27 28 Stimulation and Fracturing Conveying stimulation and fracturing systems on coiled tubing allows these operations to be carried out in a â€Å"live† well, so there is no need for a costly and time consuming well kill and no chance of irreparable wellbore damage from the use of kill-weight ? uids. Through Tubing ISAP We pioneered the development of high-expansion, Thru-Tubing In? atable Element Technology beginning in 1985. The versatility offered by a Thru-Tubing In? table Packing Element allows for service tools to be set in the most diverse range of wellbore environments, including cased hole, slotted pipe, perforations, open hole and screens. Our complete line of coiled-tubing-deployed in? atable products and services includes ? t-for-purpose, in-house designed running and retrieving tools. The product line is complemented by our proprietary INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ software package which aids in both job planning a nd execution. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ In? table Straddle Acidizing Packer (ISAPâ„ ¢) System is a unique, through-tubing, coiledtubing-conveyed well intervention system that provides a versatile and reliable method for accurate and selective ? uid placement. The ISAP System is particularly suited to such applications as water shutoff, chemical treatments, screen washing, leak testing and injection testing. Stimulation operations predominantly by means of acid have proven to be the most requested operation for the ISAP System. The system is particularly valuable in mature ? lds where reservoirs are depleted and production of undesirable ? uids is increasing. 2. 50 in. OD In? atable Element in 7. 00 in. OD Pipe Stimulation and Fracturing The ISAP System uses resettable elements that allow for multiple settings in a single coiled tubing trip with variable element spacing to allow for true selectivity. Several unique features ensure the highest degree of reli ability. Additionally, because the ISAP System was designed for coiled tubing deployment, it requires no set-down weight to operate, making it ideal for highly deviated and horizontal wellbore applications. Key features and advantages †¢ Resettable operation allows single trip multiple zone settings †¢ No exposed control line; all plumbing is internal to the system †¢ Integral injection control valve allows for de? ation against CT overbalance †¢ No locked-in in? ation pressure maximizes element longevity and negates detrimental element temperature effects †¢ No set-down weight required †¢ De? ation of tool system to the annulus †¢ Stimulation ? uid maintained in CT between sets to eliminate loss of expensive chemicals 29 Case History South America Objective: The operator required a stimulation treatment on a perforated interval at 15,750 ft in a 7. 0 in. 32. 00lb/ft liner through a 5. 95 in. ID safety valve at 285? F. CT Solution: The ISAPâ„ ¢ tool dressed with two 4. 25 in. OD nickel alloy style elements and 16 ft spacing was deployed into the wellbore supporting a maximum CT overbalance of 3,200 psi. Two sets of the system were undertaken with a treatment recipe consisting of solvent, diesel and 7. 5% HCL. Result: After retrieval of the CT BHA and ISAP tool string, the well was brought back on line with production ? gures showing an increase of 4,200 bbls per day, to 6,000 bbls per day. Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Release ISAPâ„ ¢ Track Record †¢ Acid stimulation intervention achieved 22 sets in a single CT trip †¢ 2,000 bbls HCL pumped with a total of 12 sets in a single CT run at an inclination of 90? †¢ 1,000 bbl polymer gel water control chemical treatment †¢ Successful operation in sour gas environment at up to 24. 5% H2S and with aromatic solvents such as xylene †¢ MSAPâ„ ¢ (mechanical rather than in? atable version for monobore applications) developed and run on coiled tubing Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer. Please refer to Page 25. Thru-Tubing Retrievable Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 24. Injection Control Valve Nipple Pro? le Locator Spotting Valve Upper ISAP Element Treatment Control Valve Lower ISAP Element Flow Actuated Drain Valve Selective Treatment Operations Using In? atable Straddle Acidizing Packer System (ISAP â„ ¢) 30 QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products From the heart of our Remedial Stimulation product line comes stimulation and fracturing tools including retrievable bridge plugs, cast iron bridge plugs and the highly successful line of QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products. Easily deployed, retrieved and removed on coiled tubing, RS Products meet stimulation and fracturing needs that include low-pressure, low-temperature environments as well as high-pressure applications when needed. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Increased production, less formation damage, and less rig time are all possible with QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products. No other company has more successful experience in designing and manufacturing downhole tools from composites. And no other company has as much experience in milling composites. Now, Baker Oil Tools has leveraged its leadership in these two areas to produce the QUIK Drill System, a revolutionary system of zone isolation tools that includes Composite Bridge Plugs and Composite Frac Plugs manufactured entirely of advanced, high-performance composite materials. QUIK Drill is the industry’s most comprehensive system of optimized composite zone isolation and milling tools – a powerful advantage over ordinary tools. The QUIK Drill System makes it possible to rapidly isolate and treat or test multiple zones, each with different bottomhole pressures, while dramatically lowering the risk of formation damage. QUIK Drill System components are available in many sizes and types. QUIK Drill Composite Bridge Plugs and Frac Plugs offer a cost-effective way to independently isolate and treat or test multiple zones of interest in a single wellbore. When treatment is complete, the QUIK Drill Plug can be quickly removed in an underbalanced environment, paying signi? cant dividends in increased production and reduced formation damage. The underbalanced removal is typically accomplished with coiled-tubing-deployed downhole motors and milling tools. Baker Oil Tools developed its QUIK Drill line of composite products for monobore, multi-zone well applications that do not require high expansion elements to provide zone isolation. QUIK Drill products save the operator time and money by enabling quick and easy installation and removal. While easily deployed on either standard electric-line- or coiled-tubing-conveyed Baker setting equipment, QUIK Drill Composite Bridge Plugs and Composite Frac Plugs can be removed in a fraction of the time required to mill traditional cast iron products, and with reduced formation damage. QUIK Drill Composite Products can be installed under pressure in multizone, commingled gas wells without expensive formation kill-weight ? uids. After remedial operations, the QUIK Drill Plugs are removed with coiled-tubing-conveyed milling equipment using low-viscosity milling ? uids that minimize formation damage and easily remove composite cuttings from the wellbore. This is especially important because of the low annular velocities characteristic of coiled tubing operations. The wellbore is left cleaner than those using cast iron plugs in similar perations. QUIK Drill Composite Products have been tested to withstand high pressures and temperatures without compromising their pressure integrity and without the need for a cement barrier on top of the plug. Field runs have demonstrated that QUIK Drill Composite Products can be milled in as little as thirty minutes, compared to two hours for milling conventional cast iron bridge plugs. Multi-zone, commingled gas wells Stimulation and Fracturing QUIK Drill â„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug 31 sing as many as seven QUIK Drill Bridge Plugs have been brought back on production after taking only 12 hours to remove all of the QUIK Drill Plugs, including rig-up and rig-down of the coiled tubing unit. Field runs also indicate QUIK Drill Composite Products can be milled quickly when set at depths exceeding 19,000 ft. Typical Application for the QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug Operator’s Objective: Discretely treat two or more zones having varying bottomhole pressures (BHP) while minimizing formation damage. Solution: Use Baker Oil Tools’ QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug to isolate zones of interest and enable removal in an underbalanced environment. Procedure: Step 1 – Install QUIK Drill under pressure Step 2 – Perform treating operations Step 3 – Remove QUIK Drill with coiled tubing under pressure Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 1: BHP is 11. 4 lb/g How to cite Coiled Tubing, Essay examples

Consider The Lobster By David Foster Wallace Example For Students

Consider The Lobster By David Foster Wallace Throughout â€Å"Consider the Lobster†, an article written by David Foster Wallace about the 2004 Maine Lobster Festival, Wallace demonstrates that not all of his writing is clear and concise. The author does this through his various viewpoints in the article, which allow him to capture the reader s attention. A particular sentence that captures the initiation of Wallace’s writing is, â€Å"The suppers come in styrofoam trays, and the soft drinks are iceless and flat, and the coffee is convenience-store coffee in more styrofoam, and the utensils are plastic (there are none of the special long skinny forks for pushing out the tail meat.)† (Pg. 239). Within this sentence, Wallace describes the many parts of the festival and how they show the poor side of the festival. Between the cheap styrofoam trays and the flat drinks, the festival gives off a poor vibe to the reader. Wallace’s use of changing viewpoints adds to what he originally wants to do, which is to give the reader a chance to pick which side of the argument they want to be on. The author not only gives the reader different views, but he also changes his tone throughout the piece. By adding dynamic shifts in his writing, he includes the reader and gives a better feel for what this article is really about. This sentence stands out due to the fact that Wallace talks about the positive aspects of what occurs during the festival throughout the beginning of the article. This includes not only the amount of lobster that is being steamed, boiled, and cooked but also the sheer amount of lobster, which is being dispersed to the many hungry festival goers. Wallace describes other benefits of the festival in the text such as, â€Å"Tourism and lobster are the mid coasts region’s two Maine industries, and they’re both warm-weather enterprises, and Maine Lobster Festival represents less an intersection of the industries than a deliberate collision, joyful and lucrative and loud† (Pg. 235). The help it brings to not only the lobster industry, but also to the tourism industry in the Midcoast region. This is very beneficial to the local industries when it comes to the financial aspect of their businesses during the summer months. These descriptions are the start of where the author switches from portraying the positive points of the festival to then comparing those points to the negative aspects of the festival. These negative aspects include the terrible trays and convenience-store coffee. By changing his views, Wallace influences the reader to keep analyzing the piece and how he interprets the festival. This sentence is only the tip of the iceberg regarding the changing tone of the piece and what the author thinks of the festival. Wallace believes that the lobster festival is a tradition where the people who attend shade a blind eye to what goes on in the kitchen and how their food is actually served to them. The attendees of the festival care more about eating the lobs ter, considering that this festival showcases the Maine lobster. In this piece, Wallace strays from the norm. He demonstrates that he is not like other writers by analyzing both sides of an issue, rather than just one like most writers do. He is able to stray away from the norm and switch sides quite frequently throughout the article, which in turn makes this article different and sets Wallace away from the rest. Wallace uses strategic changes in thought throughout the article to encourage the reader to form their own opinion. He does this for two reasons: this gives the reader a chance to be able to pick their side. Wallace is able to switch sides freely between the favorability and unfavorable aspects of the festival to allow the reader to determine which is more important. Secondly, Wallace’s use of the switching points allows him to set himself apart from other authors. He allows himself to switch up views mid-article, which then grants Wallace to grab the reader s attention. Wallace also creates for himself to not pick a certain side, but to keep himself in the middle of the argument. This is so he is able to examine both sides of the story and look at both the pros and cons of the lobster festival as a whole. Essay on Authority and American Usage, by David Foster WallaceBy choosing two contrasting sentences, they give you a two different viewpoints. By doing this, Wallace is able to get to reader into a split decision of what they think about the whole festival. Wallace never comes fully out and describes his opinion about his side of the argument. He may hint at it in certain parts of which he believes in and which parts he may not believe in, but never fully comes out. An instance where Wallace demonstrates that is â€Å"It’s hot, and the sagged roof tarps the stream and the smells, which latter are strong and only partly food-related†(Pg. 239). In this text, Wallace describes the negative sections of how he isn’t a fan of the festival and how it’s hot and everyone is crammed together. Wallace also gives an example of why he does like the festival by describing where there is a â€Å"Amateur Cooking competition, carnival attractions, and food booths†¦ †(Pg.236). This shows the better part of the festival because there are so many events that happen and everything seems so meticulously planned out throughout. By using both sides, it allows the reader never really know where exactly where Wallace is at with his mindset. He keeps the reader guessing about what he really thinks about the whole festival. By doing this it allows him to be able to keep switching sides without the reader thinking he’s trashing on one side. The argument as a whole changes the understanding of the essay because Wallace describes the two different views which enable the reader to understand more clearly where he is coming from. He splits his decision on how he interprets the lobster festival. After reading this essay, the reader has an important decision of how they interpret the Maine Lobster Festival by going off Wallace’s main points, He provides many main points about the beneficial factors and the not so beneficial factors of the Maine Lobster Festival. Reading â€Å"Consider the Lobster† may seem difficult to some, but Wallace provides examples of how the different views on the festival. The difference that a reader might make after reading both of the materials, would be clarification on some of the material where Wallace might not have been so clear. In conclusion, DFW changes viewpoints throughout the article which adds to effect on the reader when choosing a side for what they think about the Maine Lobster Festival. Wallace provides a range from the what the first selected sentence provided of the cheap trays and the flat soft drinks to where the second sentence provided the effects on the local tourism industry and the lobster industry, which are two of the main industries in Maine in the summer. By describing both sides and allowing the reader to choose what they really want to think about the festival, it gives a more personal feel for what the lobster festival is really about.